The Theory And On International Institutions - 1888 Words

In our era of globalisation, the global economy between nations is growing ever so interconnected with one another. While this increases opportunities and prospects for economic growth especially for the developing nations which need to bridge the gap between the wealthy and the poor that only seems to keep growing. The reality of this situation is that there have been debates and theories on how to govern the global economy which ranging from hegemonic stability theory and Neo-Gramscian hegemony, to address the issue of how to handle the inequality concerns, and unfairness between developed and developing nations as both of these theories have different approaches to the problem. The focal point of this essay will be on the†¦show more content†¦In order to do so, the essay will give a brief overview the needs for international institutions and on the concept and approaches to global justice, along with weighing and examining the two approaches per the WTO’s efforts i n either before coming into a conclusion on which approach would be easier to achieve. The conclusion of this essay will also address the question of whether it is possible for international institutes to be ‘just’. First and foremost, this essay will look into the need for international institutions in global governance. As aforementioned before, there is an imbalance of power between developed and developing nations, and even more so with countries that are so influential that they are dubbed the ‘superpowers’. In order to ensure there is no abuse of power, international institutes put forth guidelines and rules for superpowers to follow as even the United States—as the unchallenged superpower—cannot afford the costs of arm-twisting other nations (Keohane 1998, p. 82). Other than being an institution for international rule-making, ideally, it also provides a forum for the voice of developing countries to be heard. The increase of postcolonial nations had helped turn the General Assembly in United Nations Security Council into a forum for the North-South conflict in the 1960s, and it had ensured that the resolutions to the assembly would be viewed as hostile and detri mental to their interests and values

Gay Marriage Should Be Legal - 1123 Words

The Supreme Court’s decision to rule in favor of gay marriage was eye opening to me and made me dig deep for an honest opinion. While I do not necessarily agree with gay couples or gay marriage, I came to a fair conclusion. I am surprised it took this long to finally get this law passed since gay couples are no different from straight couples, and no one should be denied the right to marry. The backlash to this was very astonishing and disgusting. All these couples want to do is love each other and live a normal life just as a straight couple would. In June of 2015, the United States Supreme Court ruled in favor of gay marriage across the United States in a 5-4 vote. The fact that it was only a 5-4 vote is already very disappointing†¦show more content†¦This decision affirms what millions of Americans already believe in their hearts. When all Americans are truly treated as equal, we are more free.† I think this decision truly did make us more free, even those who are not associated with gay marriage because now we can all live knowing that any gay couple can get married just like any other straight couple and, to me, that is how it should have been a long time ago. Although this decision truly was a victory for the LGBT community, problems did not stop there. Backlashes began to pour through in the midst of this decision causing problems for couples who were overwhelmed with happiness rushing down to the court houses to get marriage licenses. For example, shortly after the ruling, a woman by the name of Kim Davis in Kentucky denied a same-sex couple a marriage license a grand total of three times. According to the Associated Press (2016), â€Å"William Smith Jr. and James Yates walked out of her office, shaking their heads in bewilderment. Hours earlier, a federal appeals court upheld a ruling ordering Davis to issue marriage licenses to same-sex couples, rejecting her claims that her Christian faith and constitutional right to religious freedom should exempt her from having to license a union that she finds morally objectionable.† It is regrettable that this couple had to go through this because I could only imagine how happy they were to finally get married only to have theirShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Should Be Legal1205 Words   |  5 PagesHoward Sociology 1301-93431 Gay Marriage Getting married is something that most people do when they find love, which it is an important event in their life. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender) community now get the legal right of same-sex marriage, which they have fought for throughout the years; on the other hand, some opponents of same-sex marriage have called for a constitutional change towards it. Although there were some countries that allowed gay marriage before the United StatesRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1159 Words   |  5 PagesAmendment, which puts a ban on gay marriage. This amendment entitles to equal rights to the gay community, ending toleration of discrimination in jobs, rights protecting gays from hate crimes,rights allowing advancement in government. However, the concept of gay marriage is still not considered a right the American people should extend to homosexuals. II. The vast majority of opponents believe marriage should be between one woman and one man, meaning marriage should be between members of the oppositeRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1574 Words   |  7 Pagesequal rights. Gays and lesbians are consistently denied rights that are typically taken for granted by the average American. Specifically, gay and lesbian couples are denied the right to marry even if they are outstanding citizens. They are held at an unfair disadvantage solely because of their sexual orientation. This discrimination must stop, because gay and lesbian couples are law-abiding citizens too, who should be afforded the same rights as heterosexual couples. Marriage is about love andRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1564 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is marriage? Recently, people argue with respect to the definition of marriage. What happened to marriage? To get married is a very important event for almost everyone. Especially for women, marriage and giv ing a birth could be the two biggest events of their lives. Many people believe that getting married to the one whom he or she loves is natural. However, what do you think if you cannot get married to him or her because it is socially unacceptable? 100 years ago different colored peopleRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal?778 Words   |  3 PagesShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? â€Å"†¦I now pronounce you husband and wife†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One would normally hear this when attending a wedding. In tradition marriage has been between one male and one female who love each other. But how would one feel if they heard â€Å"I now pronounce you groom and groom† or how about â€Å"†¦bride and bride...†? In the last 50 years the number of same-sex couples has increased. The on-going argument between the government and the people is â€Å"Should gay marriage be legal?† Although some sayRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1126 Words   |  5 PagesJune 26, 2015 for gay marriage to be legal in all fifty states, thirty seven out of the fifty and Washington D.C already legalized gay marriage. Many support gay marriage and many do not, with widespread values and reasons for and against it. Due to religion and rights people across the nation have differing views and opinions of it.In a five to four vote in the Supreme Court gay marriage becam e legalized in all fifty states. Shortly after that a few marriage officiators and marriage licenses peopleRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1179 Words   |  5 PagesGAY MARRIAGES Some states such as Iowa legalized gay marriage through the action of judicial interpretation based on the state’s constitutional stipulations while other states such as Vermont legalized gay marriage through legislation initiatives. These cases demonstrate the government is the sole body that can dictate the validity of whatever is to be regarded as a marriage, and in this case gay marriage. The power to validate marriage is still observed among the private citizens, religious institutionsRead MoreThe Gay Marriage Should Be Legal947 Words   |  4 PagesDefending Gay Marriage During the last few years, homosexuality has become an important issue for debate. Moreover, homosexuals have taken their case further by claiming their right to marry. Same-sex marriage, usually known as â€Å"gay marriage†, is the marriage between two people from the same biological sex (Doskow1). Since 2000, eleven countries have approved the legalization of gay marriage worldwide: Netherlands, Belgium, Spain, Canada, South Africa, Norway, Sweden, Portugal, Iceland, ArgentinaRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1480 Words   |  6 PagesNew World Dictionary defines the word married as being husband and wife, yet there are millions of gay activists who are fighting for a new meaning. They believe marriage is more than a piece of paper and a set of rings. The hope is that marriage could be defined as a â€Å"public recognition of a private commitment† or â€Å"emotional, financial, and psychological bond† between two people (Sullivan 53). Gay activists belie ve that taking away the ability to have a publicly recognized relationship or an acceptedRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1351 Words   |  6 Pageshappened for United States, gay marriage became legal in all 50 states. In most states it already was but the remaining 13 became legal this year. There are many concerns regarding gay marriage, and the effects of them involve many legislative, cultural, religious and family issues. Gay marriage is controversial because a lot of people do not approve of it, they think it is immoral, unnatural, and not what the traditional concept of â€Å"marriage† really means. Opponents of gay marriage say it is only meant

Wind Mobile Free Essays

Wind Mobile Political The Canadian Radio – television and Telecommunications Commission (CRT) unwanted Globalize company ownership (Rococo) Competition Bureau – independent agency that investigates offences across the Canadian business scene Canada’s telecoms laws Major acts of Parliament regulate the Canadian telecoms sector including the Canadian Radio- television and Telecommunications Act. Telecommunications Act, Broadcasting Act and Radio communications Act. Environmental Market and trade cycles according the Canadian community Market routes and distribution trends within Canada G network and LET net speeds Taxation issues with internationally owned companies Socio-cultural Average consumer within Canada pays $70 per month Lifestyle trends of business, regular and student consumers Brands of cell phone gadgets are a strong influence for consumers to purchase a product or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Wind Mobile or any similar topic only for you Order Now Currently Apple and Samsung are in the lead. Marketing and advertising for Wind Is currently pushing for the consumer who seeks the best services at a lower price, working against competitors. Technology Competing cell phone technology developments and also the highest quality In mobile lines and Internet speeds. R D activities within the company. Maturity in technology. Consumer buying mechanisms and what they seek to have. Technology access (phone signals) licensing, patents. Threats Bell, Rogers and Tells Well established competitors known for their product established. Continuous threats of Public Mobile Wind Is known to drop calls and consumers are not happy about this. Heavy push on laws and regulations against pricing of current cell phone plans. Opportunities Develop a stronger call line to avoid drop calls Students want better deals and therefore want to providers such as wind Joint entire with another large well known company such as Bell Mobile. Sell company to a Canadian owner or co-ownership. By task_Mackinac Unwanted Globalize company ownership (Rococo) 36 network and LET net speeds Apple and Samsung are in the lead. Marketing and advertising for Wind is currently Competing cell phone technology developments and also the highest quality in mobile lines and internet speeds. R D activities within the company. Wind is known to drop calls and consumers are not happy about this. Heavy push on laws and regulations against pricing of current cell phone plans. Opportunities How to cite Wind Mobile, Papers

The Case of Adoption of IT4IT by Shell Free Sample for Students

Questions: 1. What were the gaps in IT Service Management in Shell Company before adopting IT4IT? 2. Why did Shell Decided to adopt the IT4IT Instead of Developing its Own Framework? 3. What were the Outcomes of adopting IT4IT Shell?4. On what Grounds would adoption of IT4IT be ustifiable for Organisations that had already adopted ITIL? Answers: Introduction Shell operates in over 70 countries with over 94,000 people employed across over 30 refineries and chemical plants and 44,000 service stations producing 3.1 million barrels of oil equivalents per day. This case study is about the adoption of open standard IT4IT for IT management by Shell. IT4IT involves running of IT as a business in involving planning, building, deployment, operation, and retirement. The company added IT4IT reference architecture version 2 technical standard to its existing base of standards including W3, W2r, W32b and (gt)2. The case study explores the IT infrastructure as it was before the adoption of IT4IT, explores the reasons for adoption, and assesses the outcomes of the adoption. Lastly, the case would help understand if addition of IT4IT could be an appropriate move for companies who have already adopted ITIL(Enterprise Opinions Limite, 2016). This case study explores the reasons for adoption of the open source framework by Shell. It first studies the condition of Shell IT systems before the system was adopted so that reason for adoption could be better understood. The case study also studies the output would result from the use of framework. At last it would also explore IT4IT for the companies that are already using ITIL to understand if the two frameworks would be supportive of each other(Graham, 2016). 1.Gaps in IT service management Shell has a lot of complexities involved in its IT structure as it was huge consisting of 27,000 servers and 140,000 desktops over which 4,500 applications ran containing over 3000 supplier licenses. The company has 10 data centres worldwide storing over 35 perabytes of data. 25,000 networking devices are managed with 1.4 million IP addresses in Shell. Shell has had political, commercial as well as IT challenges faced. While on one side they were attacked by activists in response to their pricing or other commercial strategies, on the other side, company faced security issues because of hactivists. Attitudes of IT users were also found to be changing with them demanding things to happen fast. The company was dealing with the multiple pressures simultaneously including internet threats, external issues of hacktivist and activitist, commercial pressures, and pressures due to change of attitude of users. The IT landscape of Shell is huge, complex and critical(HP Enterprise, 2017). It is not run with full insights or full automation as a business. The company manages its IT system involving systems and processes like investment planning, investment prioritization, requirements and testing systems for building, service catalogue for deployment, and monitoring of integrated systems. But the company could not get the most out of their systems. An integrated system that could take care of the IT management for the complete life cycle of IT would an appropriate thing to have or developed(The Open Group, 2016). 2.Adoption of IT4IT The Shell faced a dilemma between cost, agility, and manageability in IT management. There were functional requirements of these systems that needed reduction of costs and risks while business requirements demanded increase in speed, agility, and improvement in performance and experience. There were tradeoffs happening between cost and growth, speed and agility versus diversity and complexity, and technology disruption and manageability. In order to ensure that these tradeoffs do not have add adverse impact on the system performance, an integrated IT system was adopted that would allow a seamless flow between different components and stages of the IT life cycle(The Open Group, 2015). As per a Gartner research, an integrated IT system can help an organization save up to 20% of its IT costs allowing company t make use of saved money out of IT budget for innovation. The company needed its system to achieve better quality, increase the speed of development, reduce cost of implementation and IT, and improve management of risks, enhance monitoring, and better exception handling(The Open Group, 2016). The company had a choice between having own propriety standard or going for an open standard. The company had been managing IT4IT for over a decade formally as an IT department seeing that the gap between the needs and actual capabilities was only growing because of the disruptive environment like cloud, IOT, big data and so on. The department realized that problem was big as well as the value that solution to the problem would also be big(Allen, 2016). Thus, the department believed that the problem could not be entirely solved by a single company and that too when the company was actually not an IT company. Developing own propriety framework would not even have build a competitive advantage for the company as IT was not the core to it. Thus, management thought that it was fair to use IT management just the way others did. Thus, the company decided to adapt to the open framework and with the collaboration with experts helped move things faster. Also, the solution was to bring in the value for the customers and a collaborative approach would be useful in generating that(GARDNER, 2016). 3.Outcomes of adopting IT4IT Shell Adopting IT4IT means running IT like a business, IT is not just deployed but used. It is monitored to understand what it is telling about IT and actions are taken based on them. The outputs or results are measured in terms of performance of the IT systems. The measurements would include metrics, actions, and improvements that can help understand the capabilities of people, processes, information, and tools(HP, 2016). IT4IT helps figure out the cost of each element of the lifecycle, risks that are taken during deployment or implementation, what mitigation plans does a company have against those risks and the value that is created at each stage of the life cycle(NS Tech, 2016). With this clarity, an IT team would be able to analyze IT systems and incidents as well as identify if incidents are created in the system or not by specific suppliers or teams. Suppliers adding incidents can actually help improve the system and thus, they may be rewarded while those skipping the process maybe d iscontinued with. Adoption of IT4IL would bring out facts and figures with analysis of the system performance in the real time so that appropriate actions can be taken for improvement(Saran, 2015). 4.Justification of adoption of IT4IT IT4IT and ITIL architectures actually complement each other. While ITIL is a community based process framework which serves as guidance for managing IT services, IT4IT standard s a data driven model that provides prescriptive guidance for the management of IT systems. Thus, IT4IT framework can actually help build a foundation on which the best practice IT models like ITIL can be run. In some perspectives, IT4IT is seen as a competition while others felt that both would not provide any support for each other. But considering the flexibility of the framework, it can be said that combination of the two may not a bad but good(TOGAF, 2016). ITIL includes a set of best practices and is process driven while IT4ITis process agnostic and it is focused on the automation of the IT function. As compared to ITIL, IT4IT can provide a bigger picture of the IT systems in an organization throughout the whole life cycle of IT management value chain. Conclusions This report was prepared to understand why Shell adopted the IT4IT open framework over developing a propriety framework of its own for integrated IT management which was the need of the time. It was found that the because of the disruptive technologies connecting with the IT systems of the company and making it difficult to fill the gap between what was needed and what was developed, the company management through that the problem could better be solved if it was a collaborative effort understanding the value it would give to the IT community. The report also discussed the outcome of adoption and it was found that the management was able to track the data and run analysis that would help company take insights and act upon them. The case study also revealed that IT4IT was actually a complementary framework for ITIL systems and thus, can be supportive to the system. References Allen, A., 2016. IT4IT modernizes IT and increases business value, s.l.: Techtarget. Enterprise Opinions Limite, 2016. IT4IT The Basics. [Online] Available at: https://www.theitsmreview.com/2016/04/it4it-the-basics/ [Accessed 31 March 2017]. GARDNER, D., 2016. The Open Group IT4IT Architecture Offers a New Direction | @CloudExpo #Cloud. [Online] Available at: https://opensource.sys-con.com/node/3775829 [Accessed 31 March 2017]. Graham, D., 2016. Designing the Business of IT. [Online] Available at: https://enterprisearchitects.com/designing-the-business-of-it-with-it4it/ [Accessed 31 March 2017]. HP Enterprise, 2017. IT4IT Value Chain. [Online] Available at: https://saas.hpe.com/en-us/software/it4it-value-chain [Accessed 31 March 2017]. HP, 2016. IT4IT: the new enterprise architecture framework , s.l.: Hewlett Packard Enterprise. NS Tech, 2016. IT4IT is a push for sexy new IT architecture standards and its got a powerful advocate in HPE. [Online] Available at: https://tech.newstatesman.com/enterprise-it/it4it [Accessed 31 Mach 2017]. Saran, C., 2015. CIOs collaborate on managing the business of IT, s.l.: TechTarget. The Open Group, 2015. The Open Group IT4IT Forum Launches First Standard. [Online] Available at: https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/the-open-group-it4it-forum-launches-first-standard-534517031.html [Accessed 31 March 2017]. The Open Group, 2016. IT4IT FAQ, s.l.: The Open Group. The Open Group, 2016. Shell and The Open Group IT4IT Reference Architecture, Version 2.0: The Adoption of the IT4IT Standard at Shell, s.l.: The Open Group. TOGAF, 2016. IT4IT Relationships with ITIL and Other Practices and Standards, s.l.: TOGAF Foundation.